The hermit beetle Osmoderma barnabita have a high conservation value, but the information about the species’ occurrence, its ecology and the viability of the population in Lithuania is still insufficient. To create an understanding of O. barnabita information in Lithuania a brief history of the species research is recounted. Historical data have been summarized starting from the first possible mention of the species in the territory of Lithuania, which dates back to the 19th century, to studies published until the end of 2021. In the period from 2018 to 2020, a survey of potentially suitable species microhabitats and a collection of samples with pheromone traps were carried out throughout Lithuania. As a result of the study, 179 individuals of this species were captured using pheromone traps, and traces of its vital activity were found on 21 trees. A total of 126 localities of O. barnabita have been registered.